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Module :
A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements. The file name is the module name with the suffix .py appended. Within a module, the module’s name (as a string) is available as the value of the global variable __name__.
Example :
to create a file called fibo.py in the current directory with the following contents:
# Fibonacci numbers module def fib(n): # write Fibonacci series up to n a, b = 0, 1 while a < n: print(a, end=' ') a, b = b, a+b print() def fib2(n): # return Fibonacci series up to n result = [] a, b = 0, 1 while a < n: result.append(a) a, b = b, a+b return result
Now enter the Python interpreter and import this module with the following command:
>>> import fibo
This does not enter the names of the functions defined in fibo directly in the current symbol table; it only enters the module name fibo there. Using the module name you can access the functions:
>>> fibo.fib(1000) 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 >>> fibo.fib2(100) [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89] >>> fibo.__name__ 'fibo'
If you intend to use a function often you can assign it to a local name:
>>> fib = fibo.fib >>> fib(500) 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377
Package :
The package is a simple directory having collections of modules. This directory contains Python modules and also having __init__.py file by which the interpreter interprets it as a Package. The package is simply a namespace. The package also contains sub-packages inside it.
Example:
Student(Package)
__init__.py (Constructor)
details.py (Module)
marks.py (Module)
collegeDetails.py (Module)
Users of the package can import individual modules from the package, for example:
>>>import Student.details
An alternative way of importing the submodule is:
>>>from Student import marks