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Inplace Operations :
It is common within applications to need to have code like this:
a = a + 1
or
a = a * 2
There is an effective shortcut for these in place operations:
a += 1
and
a *= 2
Any mathematic operator can be used before the '=' character to make an inplace operation:
-= decrement the variable in place
+= increment the variable in place
*= multiply the variable in place
/= divide the variable in place
//= floor divide the variable in place # Python 3
%= return the modulus of the variable in place
**= raise to a power in place
Other in-place operators exist for the bitwise operators ( ^ , | etc)