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Python 3 - GUI Programming-Tkinter

Neha Kumawat

2 years ago

Python 3 - GUI Programming-Tkinter | insideAIML
Table of Contents
  • Introduction
  • Tkinter Programming
  • Tkinter Widgets
  • Standard attributes
  • Geometry Management

Introduction

          Python provides various options for developing graphical user interfaces (GUIs). The most important features are listed below.
  • Tkinter − Tkinter is the Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit shipped with Python. We would look this option in this chapter.
Tkinter − Tkinter is the Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit shipped with Python. We would look this option in this chapter.
  • wxPython − This is an open-source Python interface for wxWidgets GUI toolkit. You can find a complete tutorial on WxPython here.
wxPython − This is an open-source Python interface for wxWidgets GUI toolkit. You can find a complete tutorial on WxPython here.
  • PyQt −This is also a Python interface for a popular cross-platform Qt GUI library. TutorialsPoint has a very good tutorial on PyQt here.
PyQt −This is also a Python interface for a popular cross-platform Qt GUI library. TutorialsPoint has a very good tutorial on PyQt here.
  • JPython − JPython is a Python port for Java, which gives Python scripts seamless access to the Java class libraries on the local machine http://www.jython.org.
JPython − JPython is a Python port for Java, which gives Python scripts seamless access to the Java class libraries on the local machine http://www.jython.org.
There are many other interfaces available, which you can find them on the net.

Tkinter Programming

          Tkinter is the standard GUI library for Python. Python when combined with Tkinter provides a fast and easy way to create GUI applications. Tkinter provides a powerful object-oriented interface to the Tk GUI toolkit.
Creating a GUI application using Tkinter is an easy task. All you need to do is perform the following steps −
  • Import the Tkinter module.
Import the Tkinter module.
  • Create the GUI application main window.
Create the GUI application main window.
  • Add one or more of the above-mentioned widgets to the GUI application.
Add one or more of the above-mentioned widgets to the GUI application.
  • Enter the main event loop to take action against each event triggered by the user.
Enter the main event loop to take action against each event triggered by the user.

Example:


#!/usr/bin/python3

import tkinter # note that module name has changed from Tkinter in Python 2 to tkinter in Python 3
top = tkinter.Tk()
# Code to add widgets will go here...
top.mainloop()
This would create a following window −
TK Output | insideAIML

Tkinter Widgets

          Tkinter provides various controls, such as buttons, labels and text boxes used in a GUI application. These controls are commonly called widgets.
There are currently 15 types of widgets in Tkinter. We present these widgets as well as a brief description as follows
  • The Button widget is used to display the buttons in your application.
  • The Canvas widget is used to draw shapes, such as lines, ovals, polygons and rectangles, in your application.
  • The Checkbutton widget is used to display a number of options as checkboxes. The user can select multiple options at a time.
  • The Entry widget is used to display a single-line text field for accepting values from a user.
  • The Frame widget is used as a container widget to organize other widgets.
  • The Label widget is used to provide a single-line caption for other widgets. It can also contain images.
  • The Listbox widget is used to provide a list of options to a user.
  • The Menubutton widget is used to display menus in your application.
  • The Menu widget is used to provide various commands to a user. These commands are contained inside Menubutton.
  • The Message widget is used to display multiline text fields for accepting values from a user.
  • The Radiobutton widget is used to display a number of options as radio buttons. The user can select only one option at a time.
  • The Scale widget is used to provide a slider widget.
  • The Scrollbar widget is used to add scrolling capability to various widgets, such as list boxes.
  • The Text widget is used to display text in multiple lines.
  • The Toplevel widget is used to provide a separate window container.
  • The Spinbox widget is a variant of the standard Tkinter Entry widget, which can be used to select from a fixed number of values.
  • A PanedWindow is a container widget that may contain any number of panes, arranged horizontally or vertically.
  • A labelframe is a simple container widget. Its primary purpose is to act as a spacer or container for complex window layouts.
  • tkMessageBox -This module is used to display message boxes in your applications.

Standard attributes

          Let us look at how some of their common attributes, such as sizes, colors and fonts are specified.
  • Dimensions
Dimensions
  • Colors
Colors
  • Fonts
Fonts
  • Anchors
Anchors
  • Relief styles
Relief styles
  • Bitmaps
Bitmaps
  • Cursors
Cursors

Geometry Management

          All Tkinter widgets have access to the specific geometry management methods, which have the purpose of organizing widgets throughout the parent widget area. Tkinter exposes the following geometry manager classes: pack, grid, and place.
  • The pack() Method − This geometry manager organizes widgets in blocks before placing them in the parent widget.
The pack() Method − This geometry manager organizes widgets in blocks before placing them in the parent widget.
  • The grid() Method − This geometry manager organizes widgets in a table-like structure in the parent widget.
The grid() Method − This geometry manager organizes widgets in a table-like structure in the parent widget.
  • The place() Method − This geometry manager organizes widgets by placing them in a specific position in the parent widget.
The place() Method − This geometry manager organizes widgets by placing them in a specific position in the parent widget.
   
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