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Python 3 - Numbers

Sanjeev Shah

2 years ago

Introduction
Number Type Conversion
Mathematical Functions
Random Number Functions
Trigonometric Functions
Mathematical Constants

Introduction

Number data types store numeric values. They are immutable data types. This means, changing the value of a number of data type results in a newly allocated object.

Number objects are created when you assign a value to them. For example −

var1 = 1

var2 = 10

You can also delete the reference to a number object by using the del statement. The syntax of the del statement is −

del var1[,var2[,var3[....,varN]]]]

You can delete a single object or multiple objects by using the del statement. For example −

del var

del var_a, var_b

Python supports different numerical types −

int (signed integers) − They are often called just integers or ints. They are positive or negative whole numbers with no decimal point. Integers in Python 3 are of unlimited size. Python 2 has two integer types - int and long. There is no 'long integer' in Python 3 anymore.

float (floating point real values) − Also called floats, they represent real numbers and are written with a decimal point dividing the integer and the fractional parts. Floats may also be in scientific notation, with E or e indicating the power of 10 (2.5e2 = 2.5 x 102 = 250).

complex (complex numbers) − are of the form a + bJ, where a and b are floats and J (or j) represents the square root of -1 (which is an imaginary number). The real part of the number is a, and the imaginary part is b. Complex numbers are not used much in Python programming.

It is possible to represent an integer in hexadecimal or octal form

>>> number = 0xA0F #Hexa-decimal
>>> number
2575

>>> number = 0o37 #Octal
>>> number
31

Examples

Here are some examples of numbers.

A complex number consists of an ordered pair of real floating-point numbers denoted by a &plus bj, where a is the real part and b is the imaginary part of the complex number.

Number Type Conversion

Python converts numbers internally in an expression containing mixed types to a common type for evaluation. Sometimes, you need to coerce a number explicitly from one type to another to satisfy the requirements of an operator or function parameter.

Type int(x) to convert x to a plain integer.

Type long(x) to convert x to a long integer.

Type float(x) to convert x to a floating-point number.

Type complex(x) to convert x to a complex number with real part x and imaginary part zero.

Type complex(x, y) to convert x and y to a complex number with real part x and imaginary part y. x and y are numeric expressions

Mathematical Functions

Python includes the following functions that perform mathematical calculations.

Random Number Functions

Random numbers are used for games, simulations, testing, security, and privacy applications. Python includes the following functions that are commonly used.

Trigonometric Functions

Python includes the following functions that perform trigonometric calculations.

Mathematical Constants

The module also defines two mathematical constants −

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