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Python - Matplotlib
Rajesh Naik
2 years ago
Table of contents
- Introduction
- How to install matplotlib?
Using pip
Using conda
- How to import matplotlib module?
- Types of plots in Matplotlib
1. Sub Plots
2. Line plot
3. Histogram
4. Bar Chart
5. Scatter plot
6. Pie charts
7. Boxplot
- Summary
Introduction
Matplotlib is a Python library used to create 2D diagrams and graphs using Python scripts. It has a module called pyplot which simplifies plotting operations by providing functionality to control line styles, font properties, formatting axes, etc. It supports a wide variety of graphs and plots, i.e. histogram, bar graph, power spectra, error graph, etc. It is used in conjunction with NumPy to provide an environment which is an efficient open source alternative for MatLab. It can also be used with graphical toolkits such as PyQt and wxPython.
Using matplotlib we can plot line plots, scatter plots, histograms, bar charts, pie charts, box plots, and many more different plots. It also supports 3D plotting.
How to install matplotlib?
Using pip
python -m pip install -U pip
python -m pip install -U matplotlibUsing conda
conda install matplotlibHow to import matplotlib module?
We can import matplotlib module as follows:
from matplotlib import pyplot as pltTypes of plots in Matplotlib
- Sub Plots
- Line plot
- Histogram
- Bar Chart
- Scatter plot
- Pie charts
- Boxplot
1. Sub Plots
If we want to display multiple plots in single figure then we use subplots() function.
Syntax:
#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots
matplotlib.pyplot.subplots(nrows=1,ncols=1,*,sharex=False,sharey=False,squeeze=True,
subplot_kw=None,gridspec_kw=None,**fig_kw)Example of Subplot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y1 = np.array([2, 4, 6, 8])
y2 = np.array([3, 6, 9, 12])
y3 = np.array([40, 30, 20, 10])
y4 = np.array([75, 15, 55, 5])
# Create subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 2, sharex='col', sharey='row')
ax[0][0].plot(x,y1,'b')
ax[0][1].plot(x,y2,'g')
ax[1][0].plot(x,y3,'y')
ax[1][1].plot(x,y4,'r')
Output
2. Line plot
Line charts are used to represent the relationship between X and Y axis.
Example:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.array([2, 6])
y = np.array([0, 25])
plt.title("line plot")
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.show()
3. Histogram
The histograms are the bar charts, usually displayed with linked bars, where the values are separated into equal intervals, called bins or classes. The heights of the bars represent the number of records in this class, also known as frequency.
Syntax:
#matplotlib.pyplot.hist
matplotlib.pyplot.hist(x, bins=None, range=None, density=False, weights=None, cumulative=False,
bottom=None, histtype='bar', align='mid', orientation='vertical', rwidth=None, log=False,
color=None, label=None, stacked=False, *, data=None, **kwargs)Example:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.random.normal(70, 10, 200)
plt.hist(x, 15, density=True, facecolor='g', alpha=0.75)
#plt.hist(x)
plt.show() Output
4. Bar Chart
Basically, the bar chart is used to show the relationship between numeric and categorical values. In a bar chart, we have one axis that represents a particular category of the columns and another axis that represents the values or counts of the particular category.
Syntax
#matplotlib.pyplot.bar
matplotlib.pyplot.bar(x, height, width=0.8, bottom=None, *, align='center', data=None, **kwargs)Example
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.array(["Samsung", "Apple", "Nokia", "Xiomi"])
y = np.array([70, 50, 30, 90])
plt.bar(x,y)
plt.show()Output
5. Scatter plot
The scatter plot is a graph of two sets of data along the two axes. It is used to visualize the relationship between the two variables. If the value along the Y axis appears to increase as the X axis increases (or decreases), this may indicate a positive (or negative) linear relationship. Whereas, if the dots are distributed at random with no obvious pattern, it could indicate a lack of a dependency relationship.
Syntax
#matplotlib.pyplot.scatter
matplotlib.pyplot.scatter(x, y, s=None, c=None, marker=None, cmap=None, norm=None,
vmin=None, vmax=None, alpha=None, linewidths=None, *, edgecolors=None,
plotnonfinite=False, data=None, **kwargs)Example
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
N = 50
x = np.random.rand(N)
y = np.random.rand(N)
colors = np.random.rand(N)
area = (30 * np.random.rand(N))**2
plt.scatter(x, y, s=area, c=colors, alpha=0.5)
plt.show()Output
6. Pie charts
Pie charts are used to present categorical data in a format that highlights how each data point contributes to a whole i.e. 100%. The graph has a circular shape like a pie and each data point is represented by a certain percentage while taking part of the slice shaped sector. The larger its slice in the sector, the greater the proportion of the sector that the data point owns.
Syntax
#matplotlib.axes.Axes.pie
Axes.pie(x, explode=None, labels=None, colors=None, autopct=None, pctdistance=0.6,
shadow=False, labeldistance=1.1, startangle=0, radius=1, counterclock=True,
wedgeprops=None, textprops=None, center=(0, 0), frame=False, rotatelabels=False,
*, normalize=True, data=None)Example
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
labels = 'Oxygen', 'Nitrogen', 'Other'
sizes = [21, 78, 1]
explode = (0, 0.1, 0) # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Oxygen')
fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=90)
ax1.axis('equal') # Equal aspect ratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.
plt.show()Output
7. Boxplot
A boxplot is used to display the summary of the entire dataset or all numeric values in the dataset. The summary contains the minimum, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile and the maximum. In addition, the median is present between the first and third quartiles. Here, the x axis contains the data values and the y coordinates show the frequency distribution.
The Box Plot is also known as Whisker Plot.
Syntax
#matplotlib.pyplot.boxplot
matplotlib.pyplot.boxplot(x, notch=None, sym=None, vert=None, whis=None, positions=None,
widths=None, patch_artist=None, bootstrap=None, usermedians=None, conf_intervals=None,
meanline=None, showmeans=None, showcaps=None, showbox=None, showfliers=None, boxprops=None,
labels=None, flierprops=None, medianprops=None, meanprops=None, capprops=None,
whiskerprops=None, manage_ticks=True, autorange=False, zorder=None, *, data=None)Example
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# Creating dataset
np.random.seed(10)
data = np.random.normal(100, 20, 400)
fig = plt.figure(figsize =(10, 7))
# Creating plot
plt.boxplot(data)
# show plot
plt.show()Output
Summary
Matplotlib is a Python library used to create 2D diagrams and graphs using Python scripts. It has a module called pyplot which simplifies plotting operations. It supports a wide variety of graphs and plots, i.e. histogram, bar graph, power spectra, error graph, etc. It is used in conjunction with NumPy to provide an environment which is an efficient open source alternative for MatLab. Using matplotlib we can plot line plots, scatter plots, bar charts, pie charts, box plots, and many more different plots.
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