Design Patterns - Decorator in Python

Jigisha Sata

3 years ago

Table of Content

Implementation of Decorator Design Pattern

Output

With the help of Decorator, we can add new functionality to an existing object without altering.

This design pattern comes under structural pattern and acts as a wrapper to existing class.

It creates a decorator class, which wraps the original class and provides additional functionality keeping the class methods signature intact.

The main aim of a decorator is to provides additional responsibilities of an object dynamically.

Implementation of Decorator Design Pattern

Let’s take a simple demonstration of how to implement a decorator design pattern in python.

An example involves the demonstration of a coffee shop in the format of the class. The created coffee class is abstract, which means it cannot be instantiated.

import six
from abc import ABCMeta

@six.add_metaclass(ABCMeta)
class Abstract_Coffee(object):

   def get_cost(self):
      pass

   def get_ingredients(self):
      pass
   
   def get_tax(self):
      return 0.1*self.get_cost()

class Concrete_Coffee(Abstract_Coffee):
   
   def get_cost(self):
      return 1.00
   
   def get_ingredients(self):
      return 'coffee'

@six.add_metaclass(ABCMeta)
class Abstract_Coffee_Decorator(Abstract_Coffee):
   
   def __init__(self,decorated_coffee):
      self.decorated_coffee = decorated_coffee
   
   def get_cost(self):
      return self.decorated_coffee.get_cost()
   
   def get_ingredients(self):
      return self.decorated_coffee.get_ingredients()

class Sugar(Abstract_Coffee_Decorator):
   
   def __init__(self,decorated_coffee):
      Abstract_Coffee_Decorator.__init__(self,decorated_coffee)
   
   def get_cost(self):
      return self.decorated_coffee.get_cost()
   
   def get_ingredients(self):
	   return self.decorated_coffee.get_ingredients() + ', sugar'

class Milk(Abstract_Coffee_Decorator):
   
   def __init__(self,decorated_coffee):
      Abstract_Coffee_Decorator.__init__(self,decorated_coffee)
   
   def get_cost(self):
      return self.decorated_coffee.get_cost() + 0.25
   
   def get_ingredients(self):
      return self.decorated_coffee.get_ingredients() + ', milk'

class Vanilla(Abstract_Coffee_Decorator):
   
   def __init__(self,decorated_coffee):
      Abstract_Coffee_Decorator.__init__(self,decorated_coffee)
   
   def get_cost(self):
      return self.decorated_coffee.get_cost() + 0.75
   
   def get_ingredients(self):
      return self.decorated_coffee.get_ingredients() + ', vanilla'

The implementation of the abstract class of the coffee shop is done with a separate file as mentioned below −

import coffeeshop

myCoffee = coffeeshop.Concrete_Coffee()
print('Ingredients: '+myCoffee.get_ingredients()+
   '; Cost: '+str(myCoffee.get_cost())+'; sales tax = '+str(myCoffee.get_tax()))

myCoffee = coffeeshop.Milk(myCoffee)
print('Ingredients: '+myCoffee.get_ingredients()+
   '; Cost: '+str(myCoffee.get_cost())+'; sales tax = '+str(myCoffee.get_tax()))

myCoffee = coffeeshop.Vanilla(myCoffee)
print('Ingredients: '+myCoffee.get_ingredients()+
   '; Cost: '+str(myCoffee.get_cost())+'; sales tax = '+str(myCoffee.get_tax()))

myCoffee = coffeeshop.Sugar(myCoffee)
print('Ingredients: '+myCoffee.get_ingredients()+
   '; Cost: '+str(myCoffee.get_cost())+'; sales tax = '+str(myCoffee.get_tax()))

Output

The output of the above example code is –

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